Eygptograms

We are not pure empiricists
We use reason so we are also Rationalists
Apriori knowledge --> knowledge you already know and use to make assumption (Ra is a god)-->infer from this past experience, helps make assumptions
Not assumptions, premises

Inductive vs. Deductive on today's activity
Deductive --> General theory --> Went to specific (applied it)
Induction--> Specific --> General

Deductions: (Syllogisms)
All dogs are mammals
Fido is a dog
Therefore, Fido is a mammal

How an argument is put together--> Logical Putting together
logic:Premise one + Premise two = Conclusion (Called a Syllogism)

Three components to a syllogism:
A. 2 premises and a conclusion
B. 3 terms, each occurring twice. (Fido, dog, mammal)
C. Quantifier (All, some, none) Truth has nothing to do with arguments

Truth---> What is the case, property of statements
Public, eternal, independent
Justification --Perception, language, reason
Arguments: Is it valid or invalid? Does the conclusion follow the premise? If it does, it's valid. If not, it's invalid. But it is not true or false if it is valid or invalid.

Logical-- Does conclusion follow premise?
Validity -- Property of arguments
Truth-- Property of statements
You can't say an argument is true or false, it is valid or invalid
The validity of the argument is independent of the truth or falsity of the premises

Ex.All Ostriches are teachers (False)
Mr. Steedman is an Ostrich (False)
Therefore Mr. Steedman is a teacher. (True)

Logic: structure of the argument-- if it is logical, does the conclusion follow the premise?

Ex: All A's are B's
Some A's are C's
Therefore some B's are C's 

All A's are B's
All B's are C's
Therefore all C's are A's
Invalid argument!!

Truth: What is the case, property of statement?

-       Public

-       Eternal

-       Independent

Justify=perception,  LanguageàDescription, Acquaintance

Syllogysim

Logicàdoes conclusion follow premise

Invalid=conclusion doesn’t follow logically from premise

Syllogismsàif premise if true, it can preserve the truth

Be aware of Belief Bias: just because you believe the conclusion, doesn’t make it true

No martians have red noses

Rudolph has a red nose

Therefore rudolph is not a  martian

I enjoyed the egyptogram exercise. It was fun to use logic to figure out what each symbol meant. It was challenging at first to put the pieces together, and it was useful to have some apriori knowlegde, and it helped us solve some problems. It was interesting to understand how to read the language and to see how it became easier to read as time went on.

Kpelle Reasoning:Looking at the way the Kpelle analysed the Spider and Black deer syllogism was interesting. The way they asked for contextual information shows how their thinking differs from what we are used to (western-style thinking) where we can use the facts we're given, and decipher the answer without any background information.